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Self-interested individuals and social order in liberal thought
Kawada, Naoki ; Hornát, Jan (advisor) ; Franěk, Jakub (referee)
in English : Liberalism is one of the most prevailing political thoughts in modern society. It is often mentioned in connection with other social systems such as democracy and market economy. But what exactly are the main characteristics of liberalism? How has liberal thought developed in modern society? The main concern in this thesis is to describe the characters of modern liberal thought from the perspective of social contract theory and of some liberal thinkers who emphasize the self-interested (or rational) individuals. Social contract theory is the hypothetical equipment for thinking about individuality (basic feature of modernity) and social order. The purpose of the first part of the thesis is to describe how self-interested individuals agree with the establishment of a sovereign. At another part, by mentioning some liberal thinkers, I will discuss the possible spectrum of the rules of government in liberal thought. The spectrum could be explained as the result of different assumption of self-interested individuals and of legitimacy in society. In the whole thesis, I will focus on two elements in society: particularity and generality. Particularity means particular interests (self-interested behavior) of individuals and generality means general interests (publicness). In comparison of...
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Different approaches to the social contract theory in Law and Politics.
Šimek, David ; Havel, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ondřejková, Jana (referee)
Different approaches to the social contract theory in law and politics Abstract This thesis aims to analyze individual concepts of social contract theory in works of various contractalist authors throughout history, including the 20th century. Using the method of analysis and especially diachronic comparison it tries to refute the belief that the social contract theory is only a phenomenon of the Enlightenment period of the 17th and 18th centuries, and presents the main, but also lesser known, contractalist ideas from both ancient and recent history. The thesis is, besides the introduction and conclusion, divided into five chapters and eight subchapters, some of which are also further subdivided. It follows a similar structure troughout its length, with the exception of the first (which aims to generalize the concept of social contract theory) and the fourth chapter. The second chapter is a chronologically arranged historical overview, which begins with the authors of ancient philosophy and through the Middle Ages then culminates in the early Renaissance. This is a chapter dealing with the genesis of contractualism, especially its origins in individualism, voluntarism or naturalism, as well as the concept of individual free will and the medieval phenomenon of the struggle between faith and reason, the...
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The cause of cage beds: analysis of internet forum from 2006 in a perspective of disability studies
Štrunc, Václav ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kocman, David (referee)
This thesis presents results of analysis of internet forum, which appeared under article from internet server aktualne.cz in 2006. The article is dealing with abusing of cage beds in context of on people with mental handicap and people with mental illness focused social care system. For qualitative research was used the method of coding inspired by methodological approach of "grounded theory". In theoretical part of this thesis I analyzed relevant theoretical concepts from area of disability studies and gender studies with special focus on critic of concept of liberal citizenship and social contract theory. The key theoretical concept of the thesis is dichotomy of private and public sphere. In next part of the thesis is I am describing context of causes of cage beds in Czech Republic and I am delineating the basic traits of debate here. In empirical part I am describing five key themes, axial codes. In framework of these themes I am defining the differences of people with mental handicap or people with mental illness. The themes are: space and isolation, efficiency, responsibility, stigmatization and care work. In framework of every theme is I am describing the way of defining of these differences and I am searching for their cause and origin. In next part I am figuring the way of argumentation of...
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Approach to the social contract theories of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau
Petráková, Blanka ; Kysela, Jan (advisor) ; Havel, Tomáš (referee)
The diploma thesis is focused on social contract theories, as presented by the philosophers Thomas Hobbes, John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. My research is based on Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes, Second Treatise of Government by John Locke and Discourses and The Social Contract by Jean-Jacque Rousseau. In their respective theories, these authors present their opinions on how any state comes to life through entering into a social contract and how it should operate. The aim of my thesis is to look into their theories and using method of comparison to determine how they correspond with each other on the fundamental aspects of their ideas. These include the natural state, the act of entering into a social contract, the sovereign, sovereignty and the order of state establishment. The research suggests that although the authors agree on some points, in some cases they differ significantly. It also shows the significant influence of the environments and events experienced by the authors during their lives, on the formation of their thoughts and theories. At the very end of the thesis there is a reflection on the legitimacy of the Constitution of the Czech Republic and the contribution of the theories of appointed authors to today's society.
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The cause of cage beds: analysis of internet forum from 2006 in a perspective of disability studies
Štrunc, Václav ; Kolářová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Kocman, David (referee)
This thesis presents results of analysis of internet forum, which appeared under article from internet server aktualne.cz in 2006. The article is dealing with abusing of cage beds in context of on people with mental handicap and people with mental illness focused social care system. For qualitative research was used the method of coding inspired by methodological approach of "grounded theory". In theoretical part of this thesis I analyzed relevant theoretical concepts from area of disability studies and gender studies with special focus on critic of concept of liberal citizenship and social contract theory. The key theoretical concept of the thesis is dichotomy of private and public sphere. In next part of the thesis is I am describing context of causes of cage beds in Czech Republic and I am delineating the basic traits of debate here. In empirical part I am describing five key themes, axial codes. In framework of these themes I am defining the differences of people with mental handicap or people with mental illness. The themes are: space and isolation, efficiency, responsibility, stigmatization and care work. In framework of every theme is I am describing the way of defining of these differences and I am searching for their cause and origin. In next part I am figuring the way of argumentation of...
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